On Monday, the ISO C++ committee held its third full-committee (plenary) meeting of the pandemic and adopted a few more features and improvements for draft C++23.
We had representatives from 17 voting nations at this meeting: Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States. Slovakia is our newest national body to officially join international C++ work. Welcome!
We continue to have the same priorities and the same schedule we originally adopted for C++23, but online via Zoom during the pandemic.
This week: A few more C++23 features adopted
This week we formally adopted a third round of small features for C++23, as well as a number of bug fixes. Below, I’ll list some of the more user-noticeable changes and credit all those paper authors, but note that this is far from an exhaustive list of important contributors… even for these papers, nothing gets done without help from a lot of people and unsung heroes, so thank you first to all of the people not named here who helped the authors move their proposals forward! And thank you to everyone who worked on the adopted issue resolutions and smaller papers I didn’t include in this list.
P1938 by Barry Revzin, Richard Smith, Andrew Sutton, and Daveed Vandevoorde adds the if consteval feature to C++23. If you know about C++17 if constexpr and C++20 std::is_constant_evaluated, then you might think we already have this feature under the spelling if constexpr (std::is_constant_evaluated())… and that’s one of the reasons to add this feature, because that code actually doesn’t do what one might think. See the paper for details, and why we really want if consteval in the language.
P1401 by Andrzej Krzemieński enables testing integers as booleans in static_cast and if constexpr without having to cast the result to bool first (or test against zero). This is a small-but-nice example of removing redundant ceremony to help make C++ code that much cleaner and more readable.
P1132 by Jean-Heyd Meneide, Todor Buyukliev, and Isabella Muerte add out_ptr and inout_ptr abstractions to help with potential pointer ownership transfer when passing a smart pointer to a function that is declared with a T** “out” parameter. In a nutshell, if you’ve ever wanted to call a C API by writing something like some_c_function( &my_unique_ptr ); then these types will likely help you. The idea is that a call site can use one of these types to wrap a smart pointer argument, and then when the helper type is destroyed it automatically updates the pointer it wraps (using a reset call or semantically equivalent behavior).
P1659 by Christopher DiBella generalizes the C++20 starts_with and ends_with on string and string_view by adding the general forms ranges::starts_with and ranges::ends_with to C++23. These can work on arbitrary ranges, and also answer questions such as “are the starting elements of r1 less than the elements of r2?” and “are the final elements of r1 greater than the elements of r2?”.
P2166 by Yuriy Chernyshov helps reduce a commonly-taught pitfall with std::string. You know how since forever (C++98) you can construct a string from a string literal, like std::string("xyzzy")? But that you’d better watch out (and you’d better not cry or pout) not to pass a null pointer, like std::string(nullptr), because that’s undefined behavior where implementations aren’t required to check the pointer for null and can do just whatever they liked, including crash? That’s still the case if you pass a pointer variable whose value is null (sorry!), but with this paper, as of C++23 at least now we have overloads that reject attempts to construct or assign a std::string from nullptr specifically, as a compile-time “d’oh! don’t do that.”
We also adopted a number of other issue resolutions and small papers that made additional improvements, including a number that will be backported retroactively to C++20. Quite a few were of the “oh, you didn’t know that rare case didn’t work? now it does” variety.
Other progress
We also approved work on a second Concurrency TS. Recall that a “TS” or “Technical Specification” is like doing work in a feature branch, which can later be merged into the C++ standards (trunk).
Two related pieces of work were approved to go into the Concurrency TS: P1121 and P1122 by Paul McKenney, Maged M. Michael, Michael Wong, Geoffrey Romer, Andrew Hunter, Arthur O’Dwyer, Daisy Hollman, JF Bastien, Hans Boehm, David Goldblatt, Frank Birbacher, Erik Rigtorp, Tomasz Kamiński, and Jens Maurer add support for hazard pointers and read-copy-update (RCU) which are useful in highly concurrent applications.
What’s next
We’re going to keep meeting virtually in subgroups, and then have at least one more virtual plenary session to adopt features into the C++23 working draft in October.
The next tentatively planned ISO C++ face-to-face meeting is February 2022 in Portland, OR, USA. (Per our C++23 schedule, this is the “feature freeze” deadline for design-approving new features targeting the C++23 standard, whether the meeting is physical or virtual.) Meeting in person next February continues to look promising – barring unexpected surprises, it’s possible that by that time most ISO C++ participating nations will have been able to resume local sports/theatre/concert events with normal audiences, and removed travel restrictions among each other, so that people from most nations will be able to participate at an in-person meeting. But we still have to wait and see… we likely won’t know for sure until well into the autumn, and so we’re still calling this one “tentative” for now. You can find a list of our meeting plans on the Upcoming Meetings page.
Thank you again to the hundreds of people who are working tirelessly on C++, even in our current altered world. Your flexibility and willingness to adjust are much appreciated by all of us in the committee and by all the C++ communities! Thank you, and see you on Zoom.
